The terracotta warriors and horses were created 2,200 years ago, and were discovered in 1974 near the tomb of the First
Emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang near Xi’an.
They first discovered over 1,000 pieces of pottery figurines, a few bronze chariots, horses and weapons that would have been used during that time. However, they soon discovered that this pit was massive and contained more than 8,000 full size soldiers made from terracotta, all standing in battle formation, many with their horses.
The site is now the famous Terracotta Museum which consists of three main building – Pit 1, Pit 2 and Pit 3. The three pits occupy an area of about 22,000 square meters.
The terracotta warriors formed part of the Emperor’s burial chamber in the belief that these warriors are real soldiers who were buried with their king so that they could guard him in his ‘afterlife’.
The Emperor, Qin Shi Huang, was 13 when construction of the warriors began. It is estimated that 700,000 workers were used to create his tomb and it took over 11 years to complete.
The Emperor said that no two terracotta soldiers were to be made alike. They were manufactured in workshops by government laborers and by local craftsmen. The head, arms, legs and bodies were created separately and then put together. Studies show that eight face moulds were used and then clay was added to change individual features and facial expressions.
The terracotta figures are life like and life size. They vary in height, uniform and hairstyle depending on their rank. Experts believe that they are modeled on real soldiers.